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Some people place a high value on loyalty to the employer. These people believe that they should work hard for their employer and so their employer will take care of them. To others ii is perfectly acceptable to change jobs every few years to build i career. They believe that having only one employer and one job in c career will not be the best for them.

In my culture people stay with one employer for their life. They have a job they will work their hardest at that job because it is the only job they will have. They do not look for another job they already have one because that would be unload. This way is better because when you old the company will take care you and your family.

The following hints can help you take better notes in your asses. First, attend class faithfully. Copying another student's rtes cannot substitute for hearing the ideas in person. Another immigrant hint is to develop a system of abbreviations. Using abbreviations for often-used words and special terms will speed note-taking. Fitting a key to abbreviations at the top of the page will prevent consign. In addition, be alert for signals of importance: anything written on the board, definitions, enumerations, emphasis words, id repeated ideas. Writing down examples and connections between east is also essential. Next, review your notes after class to clarify expand them. Finally, take notes in every class you attend. Otherwise, you are sure to forget most of what you hear. (Langan, 89, p. 271)

Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique—a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands languages, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy: whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born with, or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D. C. , the world's only liberal arts university for deaf people. When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something odd among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher. 33 Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English. But Stokoe believed the "hand talk" his students used looked richer. He wondered; Might deaf people usually have a genuine language? And could that language be unlike any other on Earth? It was 1955, when even deaf people dismissed their signing as "substandard. " Stokoe's idea was academic heresy.

It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on

ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese. They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation of sound.

But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space. "What I said," Stokoe explains, "is that language is not mouth stuff-—it's brain stuff. "

" To Americans those two words carry great meaning. They can even change your life. Especially if you say them at your own wedding. Making wedding vows is like signing a contract. Now Americans don't really think marriage is a business deal. But marriage is serious business. It all begins with engagement. Traditionally, a young man asks the father of his sweetheart permission to marry her. If the father agrees, the man later proposes to her. Often he tries to surprise her by "popping the question" in a romantic way. Sometimes the couple just decides together that the time is right to get married. The man usually gives his fiancee a diamond ring as a symbol of their engagement. They maybe engaged for weeks, months or even years. As the big day approaches, bridal showers1 and bachelor's parties provide many useful gifts. Today many couples also receive counseling2 during engagement. This prepares them for the challenges of married life.

At last it's time for the wedding. Although weddings follow long-held traditions, there's still room for American individual-ism. For example, the usual place for a wedding is in a church. But some people get married outdoors in a scenic spot. A few even have the ceremony while skydiving or riding on horse-back! The couple may invite hundreds of people or just a few close friends. They choose their own style of colors, decorations and music during the ceremony. But some things rarely change. The bride usually wears a beautiful, long white wedding dress. She traditionally wears "something old, something new, something borrowed and something blue. " Several close friends participate i| the ceremony as attendants, including the best man and the magic of honor.

As the ceremony begins, the groom and his attendants stand with the minister, facing the audience. Music signals the entrance of the bride's attendants, followed by the beautiful bride. Nervously, the young couple repeats their vows. Traditionally, they promise to love each other "for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health". But sometimes the couple has composed their own vows. 3 They give each other a gold ring to symbolize4 their marriage commitment. Finally the minister announces the big moment: " I now pronounce you man and wife. You may kiss your bride!"

At the wedding reception, the bride and groom greet their guests. Then they cut the wedding cake and feed each other a bite. Guests mingle11 while enjoying cake, punch and other treats. Later the bride throws her bouquet of flowers to a group of single girls. Tradition says that the one who catches the bouquet will be the next to marry. During the reception, playful friends "decorate" the couple's car with tissue paper, tin cans and a "Just Married" sign. When the reception is over, the newlywed run to their "decorated" car and speed off. Many couples take a honeymoon, a one-to-two-week vacation trip, to celebrate their new marriage.

Almost every culture has rituals6 to signal change in one's life. Marriage is one of the most basic life changes for people of all cultures. So it's no surprise to find many traditions about getting married—even in America. Yet each couple follows the traditions in a way that is uniquely their own.

Unlike other persuasive messages to existing contacts, sales messages must, first of all, attract the attention of the targeted readers. Unless they gain attention early, the sales messages are most likely to be ignored.

In order to catch the readers' attention, many direct-mail designers place an attention-getter on the envelope. It may be an offer of a gift ("Free gift inside"). It may be a brief sales message ("12 months of Time at 60% off the newsstand price"). It may be a picture or a message.

As for e-mail, the subject line is the main place for getting attention. It may state

a problem, ask a rhetorical question, or promise something of benefit. The following 2 examples are taken from Microsoft's direct e-mail messages:

Subject: Tired of spam? Subject: experience Windows XP

These subject lines are short and concise, but they tell you what the messages are about at once.

Another very popular sales promotional endeavor on the Internet is the window pop-up. While you are browsing, a new window pops up without warning. The popup is the attention getter that leads you to other web sites. The sales message will appear when you click on the icon in the pop-up window. These sales messages certainly have a great edge over conventional sales letters.

There are many ways to arouse attention. The only limit is your imagination. Perhaps you have heard of the story of how Maotai, a famous liquor brand in China, won a gold medal at the Panama Pacific International Exposition, the world fair held in San Francisco, California in 1 91 5. As an unknown brand, Maotai was simply eclipsed by such big names as Scotch, Cognac, Vodka, etc. No one even cared to cast a glance at the Chinese liquor as it had 'a very unimpressive look, just then, a Chinese participant hit upon a brilliant idea. He smashed one bottle on the floor. The crack immediately drew the attention of all the people around.

Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. For many thousands of years it was the one field of awareness a-bout which humans had anything more than the vaguest of insights. ' It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age an cestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustnal societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. I'lants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of peoples", not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and a great many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungles of the Amazon recognize literally hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany, as such, has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of "knowledge" at all.

Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic1 ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture; cultivated crops. From then on, humans increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.

Nowadays advertising is gradually becoming a part of our life whenever we walk in the street we see advertisements at almost every corner of the street. Whenever we turn on the television we see advertisements on the screen. It is obvious that the purpose of many advertisements is to make consumers want to buy a product so that they will "be like" the person in the ad. This practice is effective because it helps to sell products, however, does it help people feel better about themselves? It is doubtful.

Many people around us may have such kind of experiences. They bought something home because of the ads filmed by their favorite film star or the ads with beautiful words and pictures. But they can not get the effect as they expected. Actually, there is a distance between ads and our daily life. So we should see clearly the purpose of the ads and the propaganda techniques the advertisers use.

Glittering Generalities is widely used in ads. Advertisers surround the products with attractive and slippery words and phrases. They use vague terms that are difficult to define and that may have different meanings to different people; "freedom" , "democratic" , "beautiful". As you can see this kind of language stirs positive feelings in people, which prompt you to buy their products. But there is no definition of such kind of vague words. Different people have different explanation including the advertisers and consumers.

In transfer, advertisers try to improve the image of a product by associating it with a symbol many people respect or admire, such as Tian'an men Square printed in the "Zhong Hua" cigarettes. In this way, the advertisers hope to carry over the some feeling of respect and prestige to the product.

The testimonial is one of the advertisers' most-loved and most-used propaganda techniques. Similar to the transter device, the testimonial uses the admiration people have for a celebrity to make the product shine more brightly — even though the celebrity is not an expert on the product being sold.

Because propaganda is so effective, it is important to track it down and understand how it is used. And we must be aware that propaganda is being used. Otherwise, we will have consented to handing over our independence , our decision-making ability, and our brains.

Jiang Hong, male, born on Oct. 20, 1972, native of Shandong, was an undergraduate student majoring in Foreign Trade in the Department of Foreign Trade of Qingdao University during September 1990 to August 1994. He has completed all the prescribed four year undergraduate courses, passed all the examinations and is entitled to be a graduate of Qingdao University.

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No. 2333888 President of Qingdao University

issued in: Aug. 23, 1994

Qingming (Pure Brightness) marks the start of spring plowing in China's north and of spring sowing in the south. At this time of year, the days grow longer and the sun warmer, bringing enchanting springtime scenery. Many people take .advantage of the opportunity to escape the city, go outings and fly kites, enjoy the beauty of nature, breathe in fresh air and renew their 3

optimism.

Qingming is a traditional festival highlighted by worship at ancestral ' graves. Following tradition, people used to pay their respects to their ancestors by sweeping family graves clean of the winter's debris. But today this festival is also a memorial day for revolutionary martyrs. People from government 'J offices, schools and other social organizations visit public cemeteries and express their esteem by placing a bouquet of freshly cut flowers, a bunch of budding willow branches or a wreath of cypress and pine on the tomb of a martyr.

My grandpa was a red army man who fought bravely at the battlefields. I know many stories about him. I understand that all men must die, but death"-can vary in its significance. It may be weightier than Mount Tai or lighter than j a feather. I am determined to be a useful man and lead a meaningful life.

All cultures use nonword noises such as "ahem," "urn," "er," sucking in one's breath*! and clicking one's tongue. These noises may be used as connectors between ideas; this also may be used to indicate that someone is ready to say something or that more time is needed to think things over. Generally, the interpretation of these noises does present a major hurdle in intercultural communication. The frequency of their use however, varies from culture to culture.

Related to the nonword vocalizes are fillers. For example, in English "okay" "you know" often are used as fillers. The words have a meaning, but a speaker who them does not attach that specific meaning to them. The words simply build what the speaker says next. The use of has (literally translated yes) in Japanese ser the same function. Most Japanese use that as a filler without a particular meaning.